高烈度地震区隧道软硬围岩交接段刚柔并济抗减震技术研究*

为提高高烈度地震区隧道抗震性能，以某铁路隧道为研究背景，分析3种抗减震措施下隧道不同监测点隧道拱顶沉降、边墙收敛、衬砌结构PGA及最小安全系数，通过对比分析得到最优抗减震措施。结果表明:相比于工况1，工况2隧道拱顶沉降减小10.54%~81.10%，边墙收敛减小13.92%~78.77%，衬砌结构PGA减小31.42%~72.02%，最小安全系数增加18.04%~66.13%；相比于工况1，工况3结构拱顶沉降减小3.04%~18.02%，边墙收敛减小4.70%~32.00%，PGA增加13.95%~27.48%，最小安全系数增加7.49%~30.99%；工况4即“减震层+SFRC衬砌”刚柔并济法，相比于工况1，隧道拱顶沉降减小18.46%~83.98%，结构边墙收敛减小17.54%~85.47%，PGA减小30.00%~69.98%，最小安全系数增加47.95%~83.56%；4种工况抗减震性能由高到低依次为:工况4＞工况2＞工况3＞工况1。研究结果可为隧道软硬围岩交接段抗震设防提供理论参考。     

中国土壤环境监测方法现状、问题及建议

综述了目前中国现行的土壤环境监测国家标准方法和环保、农业、林业等行业标准方法,指出国家标准和环保行业标准方法侧重于土壤污染物的检测,而农业和林业标准方法侧重于土壤营养元素及其有效态、理化指标的检测。针对现行标准方法存在的一些问题(如检测的土壤污染物种类少、部分方法先进性不足、土壤环境监测的基础研究薄弱以及方法的标准化尚待完善等),提出加强土壤监测标准方法的顶层设计、合理增加土壤污染物的控制种类,及时更新方法、发展多组分测定方法,加强标准方法研究的系统性、协调性,以及逐步增加原位监测标准方法等建议,为土壤监测技术的发展提供借鉴和参考。     

江苏省太湖流域水生态健康评估的初步实践及展望

阐述了水生态健康的内涵与意义,从江苏省率先在太湖流域开展水生态环境功能分区管理的顶层设计,构建以水生态健康指标为核心的水生态健康评估技术体系,地方对照水生态环境功能区划的水生态分级管控目标开展的应用与实践结果等3个方面,回顾了江苏省太湖流域水生态健康评估工作的主要进展,提出了完善水生态健康评估技术体系和推进流域水生态健康评估工作的建议。     

Climate readiness of recovery plans for threatened Australian species

The rapidly changing climate is posing growing threats for all species, but particularly for those already considered threatened. We reviewed 100 recovery plans for Australian terrestrial threatened species (50 fauna and 50 flora plans) written from 1997 to 2017. We recorded the number of plans that acknowledged climate change as a threat and of these how many proposed specific actions to ameliorate the threat. We classified these actions along a continuum from passive or incremental to active or interventionist. Overall, just under 60% of the sampled recovery plans listed climate change as a current or potential threat to the threatened taxa, and the likelihood of this acknowledgment increased over time. A far smaller proportion of the plans, however, identified specific actions associated with ameliorating climate risk (22%) and even fewer (9%) recommended any interventionist action in response to a climate-change-associated threat. Our results point to a disconnect between the knowledge generated on climate-change-related risk and potential adaptation strategies and the extent to which this knowledge has been incorporated into an important instrument of conservation action.     

模糊综合评价法在钢铁企业安全投资合理性评价中的应用

为了对钢铁企业安全投资进行模糊综合评价,建立了钢铁企业安全投资的评价体系,确定各因素的权重。得出模糊综合评价矩阵,可对各因素进行评价分析;得出某钢铁企业安全投资现状分数为83.9分,等级为较好,需着重加强安全培训、劳保品、工业卫生等人因素方面的投资;在环境方面的投资较合理。     

我国辐射环境监测法规体系研究

通过对我国辐射环境监测相关法规的调研,在深入分析当前辐射环境监测法规框架结构和突出问题的基础上,构建我国辐射环境监测法规体系,重点关注辐射环境质量监测、核与辐射监督性监测及应急监测等方面的工作需求,提出完善部门规章、健全核安全导则及规范性文件的建议。     

欧盟空气质量监测现状及加强我国空气质量监测体系建设的建议

从欧盟空气质量监测政策和监测网络建设现状两个方面描述了欧盟空气质量监测发展现状。分析了我国空气污染现状和空气质量监测体系中存在的问题,并借鉴欧盟的经验,提出了加大政策支持和财政保障力度、逐步健全空气质量监测网络体系、加强空气质量监测技术研究、完善空气质量监测数据库、开展能力建设、提高公众参与度等加强我国空气质量监测体系建设的建议。     

基于证据法学的环境监测原始记录设计

从证据法学概念的角度浅析了环境监测原始记录的证据范畴,根据其所属范畴的证据要求,归纳了环境监测原始记录的证据要求。结合实例,分析了环境监测原始记录存在的不足,并提出了改进建议。     

多波长法用于减小浊度对水源水中甲醛测定结果的影响

比较了减小水样浊度对样品结果影响的各种方法,包括过滤法、双波长法、三波长法,3种方法均基于乙酰丙酮分光光度法,测定波长均为414 nm。结果表明,以480 nm为参比波长的双波长法所得方法检出限为0.027 mg/L,采用470 nm与360 nm、460 nm与370 nm、450 nm与380 nm 3对参比波长的三波长法测得方法检出限为0.025~0.028 mg/L,这些方法用于检测0.100 mg/L标准点样品时,检测结果 RSD介于8.0%~8.6%。双波长法适合低浊度样品的直接分析,而浊度较高或双波长法测得结果大于方法检出限时,应采用三波长法进行定量分析,他们的使用有助于提高方法的准确度及减少工作量。用于地表水样品分析时,0.200、0.400 mg/L加标样品的回收率介于90.3%~101%,对应RSD介于0.0%~4.2%。     

Dust Storms are an Indication of an Unhealthy Environment in East Asia

Dust storms frequently occur in Mongolia and in northern China. Each year there are 30 to 120 dusty days in source regions of Mongolia and 14–20 dusty days on the Korean Peninsula. Intense sand storms and associated dust falls produce environmental impacts in East Asia. This paper discusses the environmental degradation in Mongolia and the social, economic and atmospheric impacts of dust storms in the sink area. The impact of dust storms on environmental compartments as well as their direct and indirect consequences to basic resources like water and energy demand and supply is explained. Governments are encouraged to take appropriate action in specified regions. For monitoring dust storms there is a need for international cooperation to combat growing environmental and human security concerns.